Automated assessment of macroseismic intensity from written sources using the fuzzy sets     

Gianfranco Vannucci  Daniele Tripone  Paolo Gasperini  Graziano Ferrari  Barbara Lolli 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2015,13(10):2769-2803

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Assessing tectonic and climatic causal mechanisms in foreland‐basin stratal architecture: insights from the Alborz Mountains,northern Iran          下载免费PDF全文

Paolo Ballato  Manfred R. Strecker 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(1):110-125

The southern foreland basin of the Alborz Mountains of northern Iran is characterized by an approximately 7.3‐km‐thick sequence of Miocene sedimentary rocks, constituting three basin‐wde coarsening‐upward units spanning a period of 10⁶ years. We assess available magnetostratigraphy, paleoclimatic reconstructions, stratal architecture, records of depositional environments, and sediment‐provenance data to characterize the relationships between tectonically‐generated accommodation space (A) and sediment supply (S). Our analysis allows an inversion of the stratigraphy for particular forcing mechanisms, documenting causal relationships, and providing a basis to decipher the relative contributions of tectonics and climate (inferred changes in precipitation) in controlling sediment supply to the foreland basin. Specifically, A/S > 1, typical of each basal unit (17.5–16.0, 13.8–13.1 and 10.3–9.6 Ma), is associated with sharp facies retrogradation and reflects substantial tectonic subsidence. Within these time intervals, arid climatic conditions, changes in sediment provenance, and accelerated exhumation in the orogen suggest that sediment supply was most likely driven by high uplift rates. Conversely, A/S < 1 (13.8 and 13.8–11 Ma, units 1, and 2) reflects facies progradation during a sharp decline in tectonic subsidence caused by localized intra‐basinal uplift. During these time intervals, climate continued to be arid and exhumation active, suggesting that sediment supply was again controlled by tectonics. A/S < 1, at 11–10.3 Ma and 9‐6–7.6 Ma (and possibly 6.2; top of units 2 and 3), is also associated with two episodes of extensive progradation, but during wetter phases. The first episode appears to have been linked to a pulse in sediment supply driven by an increase in precipitation. The second episode reflects a balance between a climatically‐induced increase in sediment supply and a reduction of subsidence through the incorporation of the proximal foreland into the orogenic wedge. This in turn caused an expansion of the catchment and a consequent further increase in sediment supply. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Geostatistical Modeling of a Heterogeneous Site Bordering the Venice Lagoon,Italy     

Sebastiano Trevisani  Paolo Fabbri 《Ground water》2010,48(4):614-623

Geostatistical methods are well suited for analyzing the local and spatial uncertainties that accompany the modeling of highly heterogeneous three-dimensional (3D) geological architectures. The spatial modeling of 3D hydrogeological architectures is crucial for polluted site characterization, in regards to both groundwater modeling and planning remediation procedures. From this perspective, the polluted site of Porto Marghera, located on the periphery of the Venice lagoon, represents an interesting example. For this site, the available dense spatial sampling network, with 769 boreholes over an area of 6 km², allows us to evaluate the high geological heterogeneity by means of indicator kriging and sequential indicator simulation. We show that geostatistical methodologies and ad hoc post processing of geostatistical analysis results allow us to effectively analyze the high hydrogeological heterogeneity of the studied site.  相似文献   

Drill‐bit seismic interferometry with and without pilot signals*     

Flavio Poletto  Piero Corubolo  Paolo Comelli 《Geophysical Prospecting》2010,58(2):257-265

We use different interferometry approaches to process the seismic signals generated by a drill‐bit source in one well and recorded by seismic receivers located both in a second borehole and at the surface near the source well. We compare the standard interferometry results, obtained by using the raw drill‐bit data without a pilot signal, with the new interferometry results obtained by using the drill‐bit seismograms correlated with a reference pilot signal. The analysis of the stationary phase shows that the final results have different S/N levels and are affected by the coherent noise in the form of rig arrivals. The interferometry methods are compared by using different deconvolution approaches. The analysis shows that the results agree with the conventional drill‐bit seismograms and that using the reference pilot signal improves the quality of the drill‐bit wavefields redatumed by the interferometry method.  相似文献   

Mapping the environmental risk of a tourist harbor in order to foster environmental security: Objective vs. subjective assessments     

Petrosillo Irene  Vassallo Paolo  Mensa Jean Alberto  Fabiano Mauro 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(7):1051-1058

A new definition of environmental security gives equal importance to the objective and subjective assessments of environmental risk. In this framework, the management of tourist harbors has to take into account managers’ perceptions. The subject of the present study is a tourist harbor in southern Italy where six different managers are present. This paper aims to assess subjectively and objectively the environmental risks associated with the harbor, and to compare the results to provide estimates of environmental security. Hereby managers have been interviewed and a simple model is used for making preliminary assessment of environmental risks. The comparison of the results highlighted a common mismatch between risk perception and risk assessment. We demonstrated that the old part of the harbor is less secure than the new part. In addition, one specific manager representing a public authority showed a leading role in ensuring the environmental security of the whole harbor.  相似文献   

The use of benthic indicators in Europe: from the Water Framework Directive to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Van Hoey G  Borja A  Birchenough S  Buhl-Mortensen L  Degraer S  Fleischer D  Kerckhof F  Magni P  Muxika I  Reiss H  Schröder A  Zettler ML 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(12):2187-2196

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) are the European umbrella regulations for water systems. It is a challenge for the scientific community to translate the principles of these directives into realistic and accurate approaches. The aim of this paper, conducted by the Benthos Ecology Working Group of ICES, is to describe how the principles have been translated, which were the challenges and best way forward. We have tackled the following principles: the ecosystem-based approach, the development of benthic indicators, the definition of ‘pristine’ or sustainable conditions, the detection of pressures and the development of monitoring programs. We concluded that testing and integrating the different approaches was facilitated during the WFD process, which led to further insights and improvements, which the MSFD can rely upon. Expert involvement in the entire implementation process proved to be of vital importance.  相似文献   

Observed and predicted earthquake damage scenarios: the case study of Pettino (L’Aquila) after the 6th April 2009 event     

Carlo Del Gaudio  Paolo Ricci  Gerardo M. Verderame  Gaetano Manfredi 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2016,14(10):2643-2678

A damage scenario based on observational data collected in L’Aquila Municipality after the 6th April 2009 earthquake is compared with a predicted damage scenario derived from the application of a simplified analytical method for seismic vulnerability assessment of Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings at large scale. The observational damage scenario is derived from a database of 131 RC buildings located in the Municipality of L’Aquila, which after the 2009 earthquake were subjected to post-earthquake usability assessment procedure. The simplified analytical approach adopted is based on the Capacity Spectrum Method to evaluate seismic capacity at different Damage States (DSs) based on the displacement capacity of structural and non-structural elements. DSs and the corresponding displacement capacity are defined through the interpretation of the observational-based DSs provided by the European Macroseismic Scale EMS-98. Data predicted by the adopted methodology are in good agreement with the observed damage distribution. The observed damage scenario is also compared with predicted scenarios derived from other methodologies from literature.  相似文献   

Strong motion monitoring in Italy     

Lucia Luzi  Paolo Augliera  Antonella Gorini 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2010,8(5):1073-1074

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Formation of Asteroid Families by Catastrophic Disruption: Simulations with Fragmentation and Gravitational Reaccumulation: Volume 160, Number 1 (2002), pages 10-23 (: PII: S0019-1035(02)96948-4)     

Patrick MichelWilly Benz  Paolo TangaDerek C. Richardson 《Icarus》2002,160(2):448

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Imaging polarimetry of comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) around perihelion     

Paolo Tanga  Alberto Cellino  Mario Di Martino 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1997,78(1-3):359-364

The polarization distribution of the inner coma of comet Hale-Bopp was measured by CCD imaging around perihelion. The dust shell positions correlate well with relative maxima of polarization. The images taken in the I-band identify different shell systems, each showing individual polarization properties. This could be related to differences in the dust properties of the associated jets. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献